Rust: Using 'Result' and 'Option' for Robust Code-Rust Error Handling Guide

Example

```rust fn read_file(path: &str) -> Result<String, std::io::Error> { std::fs::read_to_string(path) } ``` In this example, a file read operation is attempted, returning a 'Result' type. If successful, it returns the file contents; if an error occurs, it encapsulates the error, allowing for further handling without crashing the program.

Scenario

A common scenario is reading data from a file. Using 'Result', you can gracefully handle errors such as 'file not found' or 'permission denied' without causing the program to panic or crash.

Example

```rust fn find_user(users: &Vec<String>, username: &str) -> Option<&String> { users.iter().find(|&&user| user == username) } ``` In this example, the 'Option' type is used to indicate whether a specific username is found in a list. If the user is found, the function returns 'Some', otherwise it returns 'None', providing a safe way to handle potentially missing values.

Scenario

When searching for a specific item in a collection, there's a risk of encountering null or undefined values. Using 'Option', you can safely manage this situation without risking runtime errors or crashes.